Aspedan Blood Tests

💊Active B12

Biomarker: Active B12
This is the biologically active form of vitamin B12—essential for nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis.
📉 Low levels can lead to fatigue, brain fog, anaemia, and even neurological issues.

---

🧔‍♂️ Male Hormone Profile

Biomarkers included:

• 🧪 Albumin
  A key protein made by the liver. It helps carry hormones and maintain fluid balance.
  📉 Low levels may point to liver or kidney issues, or poor nutrition.

• 🔗 SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
  This protein binds to testosterone and oestrogen, controlling how much is available in your body.
  ⚖️ Abnormal levels can signal hormonal imbalance or endocrine issues.

• 🧬 FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
  Helps regulate sperm production in men.
  📊 Abnormal levels may impact fertility and reproductive health.

• 🧬 LH (Luteinising Hormone)
  Triggers testosterone production in men.
  🧭 Out-of-range levels can affect hormone balance and reproductive health.

• 🌸 Oestradiol
  A form of oestrogen. While it’s higher in women, men also need it for bone health and hormone balance.
  📉 Imbalances can affect libido, fertility, and bone density.

• 💪 Testosterone
  The main male sex hormone—supports muscle mass, energy, mood, libido, and overall vitality.
  📉 Low levels can cause tiredness, low sex drive, and reduced strength.

• 🧪 Free Testosterone (Calculated)
  This is the testosterone that’s not bound to proteins—so your body can actually use it.
  🔍 A vital marker for libido, strength, mood, and energy.

• ⚖️ Free Androgen Index (FAI)
  A calculation showing how much active, usable testosterone is in your body.
  📉 Low scores may point to hormonal imbalance or low energy.

• 🧠 Prolactin
  Influences sex drive and hormone regulation in men and women.
  📈 High levels may affect fertility and mood.

• 🔥 DHEA Sulphate (DHEA-S)
  A hormone involved in creating testosterone and oestrogen.
  🧘‍♂️ Supports energy, mood, and hormonal balance. Imbalances may signal adrenal issues or PCOS.

---

🧪 PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

Biomarker: PSA Total
A protein made by the prostate gland.
📈 High PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, inflammation (prostatitis), or an enlarged prostate (BPH).
✅ Ideal for men aged 50+ or with a family history of prostate issues.

---

🥬 Folate - Serum

Biomarker: Folate (Vitamin B9)
Essential for red blood cell production, cell division, and healthy pregnancy.
📉 Low levels can cause fatigue, anaemia, and complications during pregnancy.

---

🔥 hs-CRP (High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein)

Biomarker: CRP-hs
A marker of low-level inflammation in the body.
🫀 High levels are linked to heart disease, chronic conditions, or early-stage infections.

---

❤️ Lipid Profile

Biomarkers included:

• 🧬 Total Cholesterol
  A snapshot of all the cholesterol in your blood (HDL + LDL + VLDL).
  📈 High levels increase your risk of heart disease and stroke.

• ❌ LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
  “Bad” cholesterol that can build up in your arteries.
  ⚠️ High levels raise your risk of heart attacks and atherosclerosis.

• ✅ HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
  “Good” cholesterol that clears excess cholesterol from your body.
  🛡 Higher levels are better for your heart.

• 🔢 Non-HDL Cholesterol
  All the bad cholesterol types combined.
  📊 A more complete risk indicator than LDL alone.

• ⚖️ Cholesterol : HDL Ratio
  Compares total cholesterol to HDL levels.
  📈 A high ratio = more risk. Lower is better.

• 🔥 Triglycerides
  A type of fat in your blood.
  📉 High levels can increase your risk of heart disease, especially when LDL is high or HDL is low.

✴️ Apolipoprotein Profile

ApoA1
The main protein in HDL (“good” cholesterol).
🛡️ Helps clear cholesterol from blood vessels. Higher levels = lower heart disease risk.

ApoB
The main protein in LDL (“bad” cholesterol).
🚨 High levels are strongly linked to artery plaque build-up and cardiovascular risk.

ApoB:ApoA1 Ratio
Measures the balance between bad and good cholesterol.
⚖️ A higher ratio = greater heart disease or stroke risk.

---

💧 Kidney Function Tests

Urea
A waste product from protein metabolism.
📈 High levels can mean kidney dysfunction or dehydration.

Creatinine
A key marker of kidney filtration.
🧪 Elevated levels may signal impaired kidney function.

eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
Shows how efficiently your kidneys filter waste.
📉 Lower values = reduced kidney function.

Sodium
Essential for nerves, muscles, and fluid balance.
⚡ Abnormal levels may signal dehydration, kidney issues, or hormonal imbalance.

---

🩸 Iron Profile

Iron
Needed to make haemoglobin and carry oxygen.
🛠️ Too little = fatigue; too much = iron overload.

Ferritin
Your body’s iron storage protein.
📦 Low = deficiency; high = inflammation or overload.

TIBC (Total Iron-Binding Capacity)
Shows your blood’s capacity to carry iron.
📊 High = iron deficiency; low = possible overload or chronic disease.

Transferrin Saturation
Percentage of transferrin proteins carrying iron.
🔄 Reflects how much iron is readily available.

---

☀️ Vitamin D

Vitamin D
Crucial for bone strength, immune health, and mood.
🌤️ Low levels are common and can lead to fatigue, poor immunity, or bone issues.

---

💃 Female Hormone Profile

SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
Regulates sex hormone availability.
🧬 Imbalances can impact mood, energy, and fertility.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Stimulates thyroid function.
🔁 Imbalances may cause fatigue, weight gain, or heat/cold sensitivity.

Free Thyroxine (T4)
Active thyroid hormone.
⚙️ Helps control metabolism and energy. Low/high levels = thyroid issues.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
Supports egg development and menstrual cycle.
📉 Important for fertility and hormone health.

LH (Luteinising Hormone)
Triggers ovulation.
🧭 Abnormal levels can affect fertility and hormone regulation.

Oestradiol
Main form of oestrogen.
🩸 Essential for cycles, mood, and bone health.

Testosterone
Also present in women!
💪 Supports muscle tone, libido, and overall vitality.

FAI (Free Androgen Index)
Shows how much free testosterone is available.
⚖️ Helps detect hormonal imbalances.

Prolactin
Important for menstrual regularity and fertility.
📈 High levels may affect ovulation and libido.

---

🩸 Full Blood Count (FBC)

Haemoglobin
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
💨 Low levels can signal anaemia; high levels may suggest dehydration or blood disorders.

Haematocrit
The percentage of blood made up of red blood cells.
📉 Low = anaemia or nutritional deficiency; 📈 High = dehydration or lung disease.

Red Cell Count (RBC)
Measures the number of red blood cells.
🩸 Low = anaemia; high = potential bone marrow or heart issues.

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Shows the average size of red blood cells.
📏 Low = iron deficiency; high = B12/folate deficiency or liver issues.

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH)
Indicates how much haemoglobin is in each red blood cell.
📊 Useful for diagnosing types of anaemia.

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
Measures haemoglobin concentration in red blood cells.
📉 Low = anaemia; 📈 High = hereditary conditions or dehydration.

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Assesses variation in red blood cell size.
📉 Low = uniform size; 📈 High = mixed cell sizes, common in nutritional deficiencies.

White Cell Count (WBC)
Measures immune cells in your blood.
🛡 High = infection or inflammation; Low = immune suppression.

Neutrophils
First responders to infection.
🦠 High = bacterial infection; Low = viral illness or bone marrow issue.

Lymphocytes
Important for fighting viruses.
🧬 Abnormal levels can suggest viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or leukaemia.

Monocytes
Help break down bacteria and damaged cells.
🧹 High levels may indicate chronic inflammation or infection.

Eosinophils
Respond to allergies and parasites.
🌿 High = allergies, asthma, or parasitic infection.

Basophils
Involved in allergic and immune responses.
⚠️ High levels may signal chronic inflammation or immune dysfunction.

Platelet Count
Essential for blood clotting.
🩸 Low = bleeding risk; High = inflammation or clotting disorders.

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
Shows the average size of platelets.
📏 Changes can indicate bone marrow issues, inflammation, or clotting risk.

---

💉 Basic Thyroid Profile

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Signals the thyroid to produce hormones.
🔁 Out-of-range levels may indicate underactive or overactive thyroid.

Free T3
The active form of thyroid hormone.
⚡ Regulates metabolism, energy, and body temperature.

Free Thyroxine (T4)
Another essential thyroid hormone.
⚙️ Important for energy, metabolism, and body temperature regulation.

---

🧪 Advanced Thyroid Profile

Everything in the Basic Profile, plus:

Vitamin D
Important for bones, immunity, and mental well-being.
🌤 Deficiency can lead to fatigue, low mood, and weak bones.

Folate (Vitamin B9)
Helps with red blood cell production and cell repair.
🥬 Deficiency may cause fatigue, anaemia, or complications in pregnancy.

Active B12
Vital for nerve function and red blood cell formation.
🔋 Low levels can affect mood, energy, and memory.

TgAb (Thyroglobulin Antibodies)
Autoimmune marker targeting thyroid tissue.
🧪 High = possible Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease.

TPOAb (Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies)
Autoimmune marker against thyroid hormone production.
⚠️ Often elevated in autoimmune thyroid conditions.

---

🧔 Testosterone

Testosterone
The key male sex hormone—important for mood, muscle mass, libido, and bone strength.
💪 Low levels may affect energy, drive, and physical health in all genders.

---

⚖️ DHEA Sulphate (DHEA-S)

DHEA-S
A hormone made by your adrenal glands and involved in producing oestrogen and testosterone.
🌿 Imbalances may indicate adrenal issues, PCOS, or hormonal fatigue.

---

🍷Liver Function Tests

Bilirubin
Produced when red blood cells break down.
💛 High levels may cause jaundice and indicate liver or bile duct problems.

ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
An enzyme linked to the liver and bones.
📈 Elevated levels may signal liver disease or bone disorders.

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
A liver enzyme that rises when the liver is damaged.
🧪 High levels = a possible sign of liver inflammation or damage.

GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase)
Linked to detoxification and alcohol processing.
🍷 High = alcohol-related liver stress or bile duct issues.

Total Protein
The combined total of albumin and globulin.
📉 Low levels may signal malnutrition or liver/kidney disease.

Albumin
A major protein in the blood.
🧬 Low = possible liver or kidney dysfunction.

Globulin
Involved in immune function and inflammation.
🛡 Abnormal levels may suggest liver disease or immune disorders.

---

🩸 Blood Group

Blood Group (ABO & Rh Factor)
Determines your blood type (A, B, AB, O) and Rhesus (positive or negative).
🩹 Important for transfusions, pregnancy planning, and emergencies.

---

🌡 Menopause Test (Used with Menopause Module)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Changes can mimic menopause symptoms.
🔁 Important to rule out thyroid issues during hormone changes.

Free T4 (Thyroxine)
Essential for metabolism and energy.
📉 Can be affected by hormonal shifts or thyroid problems.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
Rises as you approach menopause.
📈 High levels indicate declining ovarian reserve.

LH (Luteinising Hormone)
Surges during ovulation but rises steadily post-menopause.
🧭 Helps confirm menopause stage.

Oestradiol
Drops significantly during menopause.
🌸 Key for managing symptoms like hot flushes, mood swings, and cycle changes.